太(tai)陽能控制(zhi)系統(tong)由太(tai)陽能電池板、蓄(xu)電池、控制(zhi)器和負載組成。

　　太陽能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)是用來控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)伏板給蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并且為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓靈敏設(she)備(bei)提供(gong)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)裝置。它對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件加以規定和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并按(an)照(zhao)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)需求控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件和(he)(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對(dui)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸出，是整個光(guang)伏供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)分(fen)。 它是專為(wei)偏遠地區的(de)(de)通信或(huo)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)而(er)設(she)計的(de)(de)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓完全可調，并可顯示蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、負(fu)(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、太陽能方陣電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)(he)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

　　利用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)幾乎(hu)所(suo)有的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)系統，都極其需要一個太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)的(de)(de)作用在于調(diao)節功(gong)(gong)率，從太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板輸(shu)送到蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過沖，至(zhi)少很(hen)顯著(zhu)地降低電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命,從最(zui)壞的(de)(de)是損(sun)壞蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)直至(zhi)它不能(neng)(neng)夠正常使用為止。

　　太陽能控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)采用(yong)高速CPU微(wei)處理(li)器(qi)(qi)和高精度A/D模數(shu)(shu)(shu)轉換器(qi)(qi)，是一個(ge)微(wei)機數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)和監測控制(zhi)系統(tong)。既可(ke)快速實時采集(ji)光伏(fu)系統(tong)當前的(de)工作狀態，隨(sui)時獲得PV站的(de)工作信息，又可(ke)詳(xiang)細積(ji)累PV站的(de)歷(li)史數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)，為評(ping)估PV系統(tong)設計的(de)合理(li)性(xing)及檢驗(yan)系統(tong)部(bu)件質量的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)提(ti)供了準確而充分的(de)依據(ju)。此外，太陽能控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)還具有串行通信數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)傳輸(shu)功能，可(ke)將多(duo)個(ge)光伏(fu)系統(tong)子站進行集(ji)中管理(li)和遠距離控制(zhi)。

　　太陽(yang)能控制器通常(chang)有6個標稱電(dian)壓等級：12V、24V、48V、110V、220V、600V 。

　　目前(qian)控制(zhi)器(qi)向(xiang)多功能發(fa)展，有將(jiang)傳統的控制(zhi)部分、逆變器(qi)以及(ji)監測(ce)系(xi)統集(ji)成(cheng)的趨勢(shi)。